Organophosphorus Compound Pollution thiab Tiv Thaiv

Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub, kev tsim khoom thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov organic tebchaw yog nce zuj zus nyob rau ib hnub. Cov dej khib nyiab tawm ntawm cov tshuaj, ntawv, roj hmab, zas xim thiab textile printing thiab dyeing, tshuaj tua kab, coking, petrochemical, fermentation, tshuaj thiab kho mob thiab zaub mov industries feem ntau muaj organophosphorus tebchaw, ua rau ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug, deterioration ntawm cov dej saum npoo av, thiab hem tib neeg noj qab haus huv. Cov pa phem ntawm organophosphorus tebchaw tau txais kev saib xyuas.

Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev kho cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj organophosphorus tebchaw. Yuav kom suav tau, cov kev siv feem ntau hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tuaj yeem muab faib ua oxidation method, biochemical method, adsorption method thiab hydrolysis method:

1. Txoj kev oxidation

(1) Ozone oxidation txoj kev

Txoj kev ozone oxidation yog tsim rau kev kho cov dej khib nyiab uas tsis tshua muaj siab, nyuaj rau biodegraded los yog tshuaj lom rau cov kab mob, xws li malathion, phosphine, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau, nws tsim cov schizophrenia tebchaw, thiab thaum kawg tsim CO2 thiab H2O, tsis muaj pa phem thib ob. . Thaum decomposing organic teeb meem, nws kuj muaj decolorization, deodorization thiab bactericidal teebmeem. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm ozone oxidation yog tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob ozone siv hluav taws xob ntau, yog li nws tsuas yog tsim nyog raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txaus.

(2) Txoj kev ntub dej oxidation

Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev ua kom cua sov thiab tso cov dej khib nyiab hauv huab cua kom txo tau COD, BOD thiab cov khib nyiab tshem tawm. Cov txheej txheem yog tsim nyog rau kev kho cov tshuaj uas muaj siab concentration, siab toxicity thiab refractory biodegradation, thiab cov txheej txheem muaj tsawg COD tshem tawm efficiency. Siv txoj kev ntub dej oxidation los kho cov dej khib nyiab, qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm cov organic phosphorus yog li 80 feem pua. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsuas yog ua raws li hydrolysis, thiab cov organic phosphorus hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom siv hydrolyzed H3PO4, HCl, CH3OH, thiab lwm yam, thiab thaum kawg phosphorus tau zoo nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm Ca3 (PO4) 2.

(3) Txoj kev chlorine oxidation

chlorine-muaj oxidants suav nrog Cl2, ClO2, hypochlorite, thiab lwm yam. Oxidation ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws nrog sulfuric acid ntawm pH< 3.="" treat="" malathion="" wastewater="" by="" chlorine="" oxidation="" method,="" neutralize="" it="" with="" caustic="" soda="" to="" ph="" 7,="" pass="" c2="" to="" ph="" 2-3,="" separate="" out="" the="" bottom="" oily="" substance,="" add="" caustic="" soda="" (accounting="" for="" 2%="" of="" the="" wastewater),="" and="" stir="" at="" 40°c="" for="" 4pu6h="" ,="" the="" toxic="" phosphorus="" content="" was="" reduced="" to="">

2. Kev kho mob biochemical

(1) Activated sludge method

Kev kho mob biochemical yog sib tov cov dej khib nyiab homogenized nrog cov activated sludge uas muaj cov kab mob hauv tsev organophosphorus- resistant, thiab ua aeration. Tom qab aeration, nws nkag mus rau hauv lub tank sedimentation, thiab kho los ntawm sedimentation tank rau theem nrab aeration. Aeration biochemical kev kho mob tuaj yeem txo BOD mus rau 13mg / L, thiab phosphorus hauv cov organic phosphorus tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom noj khoom haus lom neeg. Txoj kev kho biochemical yog dav siv thiab cov nyhuv zoo dua.

(2) Txoj kev kho Algae

Cov tshuaj tua kab Organophosphorus tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm tau zoo los ntawm cov algae ntsuab, tab sis thaum kho nrog algae, qee zaum muaj cov tshuaj lom thiab ruaj khov intermediates tsim, thiab thaum algae kho parathion, cov tshuaj lom neeg nruab nrab tau txais ntau dua. Kev kho qee cov organic phosphorus cov dej khib nyiab nrog Chlorell Valgaris ntawm 20 degree rau 2 txog 30 hnub, qhov kev tshem tawm tuaj yeem yog 90 feem pua ​​​​rau 98 feem pua.

(3) Txoj kev Enzymatic

Horseradish peroxidase tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho enzymatic ntawm cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj phenol, cresol, xylenol thiab trisulfuric acid, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua.

3. Txoj kev adsorption

Organophosphorus adsorption zoo dua, thiab cov pa roj carbon activated tuaj yeem siv tom qab alkaline hydrolysis. Cov pa roj carbon activated tuaj yeem rov tsim dua los ntawm chav, xws li parathion, EPN, thiab lwm yam. Tributyl phosphate hauv cov dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm ya tshauv thiab av nplaum ua adsorbents, tab sis ntxiv nitric acid hauv nruab nrab acidic tuaj yeem txhim kho tus nqi tshem tawm. Polyvinyl cawv los yog ketone tuaj yeem siv los nqus cov kab mob organophosphorus hauv dej.

4. Txoj kev Hydrolysis

(1) Acid hydrolysis txoj kev

Acid hydrolysis tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov pawg hauv paus ntawm organophosphorus molecules los tsim orthophosphoric acid. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev hydrolysis yog tias cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau tiv taus corrosion. Nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias kev kho mob ntawm phosphoric acid khib nyiab, pH34, siab 4050atm, 200250 degree, inorganicization tus nqi ntawm cov organic phosphorus tuaj yeem ncav cuag 90 feem pua ​​100 feem pua.

(2) Alkaline hydrolysis txoj kev

Alkaline hydrolysis feem ntau siv alkaline hydrolysis los yog txiv qaub kua mis. Nyob rau hauv alkaline tej yam kev mob, cov kua qaub anhydride nyob rau hauv lub organophosphorus molecule yog ib qho yooj yim mus ua txhaum, yog li cov alkaline hydrolysis muaj ib tug zoo tshem tawm cov nyhuv, tab sis cov organic phosphorus yog generated, qhov kawg rov qab yog nyuaj, thiab cov residue yog ib qho nyuaj rau lis.